These insights are often used as part of health systems engineering quality improvement programs that reduce waste and variance. The lessons learned approach involves using the experiences of clinicians, administrative staff, and management to identify reusable lessons that can assist in replicating good ideas and avoiding previously encountered pitfalls. One KM method that has proven to be very effective in the healthcare environment is the experience-based “lessons learned” approach. Knowledge management (KM) includes methods to increase organizational learning and process improvement. Action-oriented research into healthcare processes is an urgent and critical area in which qualitative data analysis methods and tools can play an important and foundational role. Improving the identification of processes and the reduction of variance can translate into significant reduction of morbidity and mortality, and improvement in critical metrics such as quality adjusted life years (QALY) in the patient population. Two contributing factors are a high degree of process variance from unit to unit, and difficulties in identifying the variances. Many of these avoidable deaths are due to ineffective and inefficient processes, and handoffs between activities and processes. By one estimate, the healthcare industry kills over 400,000 patients a year through avoidable medical mistakes in the USA alone.
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